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Исходный текст

O. *******

Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs

WAYS OF DEFINING THE LEVEL OF TRUST: HOW DO SEMIOTICS AND HERMENEUTICS INFLUENCE SUCH NOTIONS AS TRUST AND CONFIDENCE, BELIEF?

Though many scientists have studied the institute of trust (among them: Fukuyama F., Kupreychenko V.A., Obosov N.N. and many others) we see this issue not studied enough by many reasons and one of them is absence of simple and precise way of calculating it.

Along with this, it is worth noting that, it is trust, as marketing and financial instrument, that is the most commonly used by companies to attract their customers and when this idea is widely exploit by maximum, first of all, by such institutions as banks, producers of security systems and all the rest. Even trade companies, any, that have social interaction.

Rational approach is based on the proofs, calculations, statistical data and the results of them are to be considered as an evidence of the basis for conducting this research, and language, used for describing the received data, but the thing is that the digital data can be the result of used language.

And that is why while our study we are going to apply such science as hermeneutics as well. Digits are also a representation of text and thus is a subject to different kinds of interpretation.

The more interpretations can be done the more is the percentage of distrust and uncertainty. The narrower is the interpretation of a text the more trust it raises.

When it goes about money, it is a very weighable factor, that is to be considered above all, as here is the secret how to save or spend the resources wisely.

As an additional evidence to the above said, the fact of developed inner terms and specially used definitions of those terms in different companies, that we call corporate language can serve. It is a common knowledge, that INDs are used in large companies and, from one point of view, they can be perceived as distrust, but only until an NDA is signed by an employee. After having been signed, it serves as a proof of trust. As by signing it an employee with this act shows, that he or she is ready to follow the rules and takes the responsibility to keep the secrets of the company with which the contract has been signed. The act “of signing an NDA” shows the good will of an employee.

Trust or confidence, to our opinion, is something that cannot be touched or seen, but can be literally felt through the freedom and the way of communication.

It actually manifests through the communication; the way it is conducted.

There should be another way of assessment trust except for polls. A mathematical way of expressing units of trust through a formula and digits, except for that, we get after polls.

Assessment of results validity is justified as a preventive measure or a precaution, it is used for calculating risks when giving loans by a bank or insuring life or whatever by an insurance company.

Trust, according to some scientists, is manifested through agreements and being sure that those agreements will be successfully achieved. According to Ushakov D.N. “trust is a confidence in somebodies’ decency and honesty” [1]. Within the frames of resource approach Illyasov F. offers the following definition of trust: “Trust is a set of representations and moods of an individual; a) that reflect his or her expectation, that an object will be performing or implementing some functions, contributing to increasing or enlarging the resources of the subject; b) manifesting through readiness of a subject to delegate to the object realization of these functions.”[2] Speaking in simpler language, it is the feeling of being confident, that the word given to somebody, would be kept.

We cannot count water, but we can count liters. There is a unit of measure for it. Trust is as vitally important for society as aspiration for a person, so we offer to call this units of measure “asp” (as an abbreviation for words: aspiration and to aspire.

Positive and negative experience towards somebody or something adds or deducts points of asps respectively. Let's take for an example banking sphere which is very sensitive in relation of trust and see the dynamics of changing equity of one of the biggest banks in Ukraine. (Fig 1).

To have more relevant data let`s take into account (Fig. 2) that shows how quantity of affiliatesraised or reduced during the period from 2016 – 2019.

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Equity, bln of hrn

Fig.1 Equity (own capital) of PrivatBank (The closed joint-stock company the commercial bank «PrivatBank») [3]

Fig.2 Number of affiliates of PrivatBank during 2016-2019 (The closed joint-stock company the commercial bank «PrivatBank») [4]

Within the diagram shown in Fig 2, we can observe an exponential reducing of the number of the affiliates which could have been caused by plenty of reasons direct and indirect. Among them we can make an emphasis on the most prominent to our opinion such as: contemporary not calm and not as stable political and economy situation in the country as we all wished it to be; the fact that the bank has changed the owner and became a state enterprise has manifested greatly in Fig 1 through dramatic drop in the equity of the bank; acts of hacker attacks.

It is very likely, that many scientists could agree that a perfect language to render an idea is the code of Morse or a dot and dash code, as all the rest can be subject of interpretation, which in its turn can serve to incorrect actions from the side of an agent who takes part in an interaction. The combination of factors could give a fuller picture of an event and provide us deeper understanding of it, to make our way towards the right way on how we can improve the situation.

Surely, this issue is to be studied and it is just first steps to understanding and elaborating the way of calculation trust of people, still every contribution is one more piece in the puzzle of our deeper understanding of the term “trust” and the ways how it can be counted except for polls.

References

1. 1.Grand definition dictionary of Russian language by D.N. Ushakov [on line]. Available at: https://ushakovdictionary.ru/word.php?wordid=12890 (https://ushakovdictionary.ru/word.php?wordid=12890) (Accessed ************).

2. 2.Altman Y. and Kubiniy N.Yu. (2016), Vidy doveriya i ikh otsenka [Types of trust and methods of assessment], Uzhgorod University Scientific Bulletin, Series economy, issue № *********** “Economy of enterprises and industries, PP. 148-152 [on line]. Available at: https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/lib/15466/1/%D*******************%AB%20%D0%94%D0%9E%D*********************8%D0%AF%2*******************%A5%20%D0%9E%D0%A6%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%90.pdf (https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/lib/15466/1/%D*******************%AB%20%D0%94%D0%9E%D*********************8%D0%AF%2*******************%A5%20%D0%9E%D0%A6%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%90.pdf) (Accessed ************).

3. 3.Wikipedia. PeivatBank [on line]. Available at: https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%**************************%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA#%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8 (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%**************************%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA#%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8) (Accessed ************).

4. 4.Finsee [on line]. Available at: https://finsee.com/%D0%BF%D1%**************************%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA/ (https://finsee.com/%D0%BF%D1%**************************%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA/) (Accessed ************).

Scientific supervision by A. Zadoia, Doctor of Sciences, Full Professor